Centos7编译安装gcc8.3.0

前言

GCC（GNU Compiler Collection，GNU编译器套件）是由GNU开发的编程语言译器。GNU编译器套件包括C、C++、 Objective-C、 Fortran、Java、Ada和Go语言前端，也包括了这些语言的库（如libstdc++，libgcj等。）

之前我们在Centos7中编译安装Python时， 添加[–enable-optimizations] 参数，由于GCC版本较低会报错安装失败

gcc -pthread     -Xlinker -export-dynamic -o python Programs/python.o libpython3.8.a -lcrypt -lpthread -ldl  -lutil -lm   -lm 
./python -E -S -m sysconfig --generate-posix-vars ;\
if test $? -ne 0 ; then \
	echo "generate-posix-vars failed" ; \
	rm -f ./pybuilddir.txt ; \
	exit 1 ; \
fi
Could not import runpy module
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/Python-3.8.2/Lib/runpy.py", line 15, in <module>
    import importlib.util
  File "/opt/Python-3.8.2/Lib/importlib/util.py", line 14, in <module>
    from contextlib import contextmanager
  File "/opt/Python-3.8.2/Lib/contextlib.py", line 4, in <module>
    import _collections_abc
SystemError: <built-in function compile> returned NULL without setting an error
generate-posix-vars failed
make[1]: *** [pybuilddir.txt] Error 1
make[1]: Leaving directory `/opt/Python-3.8.2'
make: *** [profile-opt] Error 2

查看本机gcc版本

# gcc --version
gcc (GCC) 4.9.2 20150212 (Red Hat 4.9.2-6)
Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

在gcc版本较低的情况下可以通过两种方式安装成功Python

1. disable –enable-optimizations option. the software can be compile and install successful.
2. upgrade gcc version to 8.2.0.

安装gcc8.3

这里我们通过升级gcc来解决上面的报错问题

下载gcc源码包

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://ftp.tsukuba.wide.ad.jp/software/gcc/releases/gcc-8.3.0/gcc-8.3.0.tar.xz

解压

# tar -xvJf gcc-8.3.0.tar.xz

下载依赖包

# cd gcc-8.3.0/
# ./contrib/download_prerequisites

执行命令后它会自动下载mpfr、gmp、mpc isl这4个库

编译安装

# mkdir build
# cd build
# ../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
# make && make install

编译安装时间确实很长，可以去看部电影再回来O(∩_∩)O哈哈~

修改软链接

备份下之前的版本，创建指向gcc8.3的软链接

# mv /usr/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc_old
# mv /usr/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++_old

# ln -s /usr/local/gcc/bin/gcc /usr/bin/gcc
# ln -s /usr/local/gcc/bin/g++ /usr/bin/g++

查看gcc版本

# gcc -v
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/local/gcc/libexec/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/8.3.0/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr/local/gcc --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 8.3.0 (GCC)

这时我们的gcc版本已经显示为8.3了，再次回到Python安装，就可以愉快的玩耍了

# cd Python-3.8.2/
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --enable-optimizations --with-ssl
# make && make install

使用参数 –enable-optimizations 安装Python会慢一些，确实通过升级gcc版本可以解决上面的Python安装失败的问题。

# python3
Python 3.8.2 (default, Apr 23 2020, 08:38:06) 
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

参考

https://bugs.python.org/issue35074
https://www.jianshu.com/p/444169a3721a